{"id":605,"date":"2021-07-28T12:46:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T12:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/?p=605"},"modified":"2021-07-29T18:44:53","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T18:44:53","slug":"distanceestimationtask","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/distanceestimationtask\/","title":{"rendered":"Distance Estimation Task"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"605\" class=\"elementor elementor-605\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b663e02 elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-top elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b663e02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1efbd03\" data-id=\"1efbd03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-953f02a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"953f02a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PEAC Lab\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afbb0cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"afbb0cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Psychiatry, Embodiment and Computation Lab<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66edc41\" data-id=\"66edc41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d87b97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"0d87b97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c228bb7 elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"c228bb7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b06725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"7b06725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c5fffc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c5fffc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-873cb4e\" data-id=\"873cb4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29af190 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29af190\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Distance Estimation Task\u200b<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e40e324 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e40e324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TASK DESCRIPTION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b40c461 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b40c461\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c4fbfa\" data-id=\"7c4fbfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0951f42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"0951f42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimation_Trial_v3.m4v\" controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd26944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd26944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SUMMARY<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10cc1e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10cc1e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The distance estimation task is a simple production-reproduction paradigm. Each trial started with an instruction for participants to move forward along a linear path while keeping track of their self-displacement. Direction of movement during production was indicated by a visual cue at the horizon (the red ball). When participants reached the sample distance dp, movement was automatically stopped and disabled for a few seconds. Subsequently, participants were instructed to reproduce the perceived distance and indicate their final position via button press. In all trials, velocity was kept constant during movement,<br \/>but changed randomly up to plus\/minus 60% (scaling factor drawn from a normal distribution) between production and reproduction phases to exclude time estimation strategies to solve the task.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f708031 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f708031\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-1024x399.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-613\" alt=\"Distance Estimation Task\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-1024x399.png 1024w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-1536x599.png 1536w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-2048x798.png 2048w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-1200x468.png 1200w, https:\/\/fpetzschner.com\/lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DistanceEstimationTask-1980x772.png 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89f5dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"89f5dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Experimental Design<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8487899 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8487899\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the paper listed below, participants were invited to return on seperate days and to test the effect of prior experience only, the settings for the three conditions were the same except that the sample distances were drawn from three different underlying uniform sample distributions, specified as small displacements (dp = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] m), intermediate displacements (dp = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] m) and large displacements range (dp = [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] m).<\/p><p>The sample distributions of the three conditions were chosen to be partially overlapping to test whether displacement estimation behavior differed significantly for the same sample stimulus depending on the previously experienced displacements. Participants had no knowledge about the amount of displacement they had to reach during the production phase and were naive to the condition in which they were tested.<\/p><p>Turning angle estimation experiment. The stimulus and settings in the angle estimation (AE) experiment were identical to the distance estimation (DE) experiment, with the following exception: participants turned<br \/>on the spot to a previously indicated direction. Turning direction was kept constant between production and reproduction to preclude the use of external cues to solve the task. The sample turning angles, alpha_p, for the three prior experience conditions were in analogy drawn from three different sample distributions specified as small displacements (alpha_p = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]\u00b0), intermediate displacements (alpha_p = [50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140]\u00b0) and large displacements range<br \/>(alpha_p = [90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180]\u00b0). All participants performed both types of experiment. The three conditions for DE and AE were tested in separate sessions, resulting in six test<br \/>sessions per participant.<\/p><p>Each session lasted between 45 and 60 min and was composed of 200 trials. The first 20 training trials per experimental condition served to familiarize participants with the VR. Feedback on the performance was given after the reproduction by displaying an object in the VR at the correct distance or turning angle and asking subjects to navigate toward this location. In the following 180 test trials, no feedback was given. Only test trials were used for data analysis. Two sessions of the same experiment type, AE or DE, were separated by at least 1 h and up to a few days. Within sessions, participants had a short break of 100 s after<br \/>100 and 150 trials. Each sample displacement was repeated 20 times per condition in randomized order. The same trial order within one condition was maintained for all participants. The order in which the three conditions for DE and AE were tested was randomized for each participant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7cc515 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7cc515\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Experimental Setup<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d829a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16d829a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We presented stimuli binocular on a computer monitor (resolution, 1280 x 800; frame rate, 59 Hz) driven by an ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3400 graphics card. Experiments were conducted in complete darkness except for the illumination by the monitor. The real-time virtual reality (VR) was created using Vizard 3.0 (Worldviz) and depicted an artificial stone desert consisting of a textured ground plane, 200 scattered stones,<br \/>and a textured sky. The orientation of the ground plane texture, the position of the stones, and the starting position of the participant within the VR were randomized in each trial to prevent participants from using any of these as potential cues. The sky was simulated as a 3D dome centered on the participant\u2019s current position so that the distance to the horizon was kept constant. The eye height in the VR was adjusted individually to the true eye height of each participant (Daum and Hecht, 2009). Participants used a multidirectional movable joystick (SPEEDLINK) to navigate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbc38ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dbc38ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Please cite this paper<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d374012 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d374012\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7416e1\" data-id=\"f7416e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92b5e01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92b5e01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPetzschner F.H., Glasauer S. <em>Iterative Bayesian estimation as an explanation for regression and range effects &#8211; a study on human path integration.<\/em><strong> Journal of Neuroscience<\/strong> 31(47):17220-9, 2011\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8c81a8\" data-id=\"a8c81a8\" 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